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| Adenomyosis |
Disease of the uterus. The endometrial glands in the uterine wall grow, leading often to an enlarged uterus with painful and heavy periods.
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| Adhesiolysis |
Detachment of adhesions, e.g. between the uterus and bowel or bladder
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| Adnexectomy |
Removal of an ovary with fallopian tube
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| Amenorrhea |
Absence of periods
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| Anti-emetics |
Medicines used to combat nausea
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| Antibody therapy |
Antibodies are small particles which are administered to the patient´s blood where they couple to special cells (e.g. cancer cells). This causes the cell to die but also defence cells to multiply.
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| Appendectomy |
Removal of the appendix
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| Asymptomatic |
Without complaints
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| Axillary lymph node removal |
Removal of the underarm lymph nodes
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| Bartholin's cys |
Swollen or inflamed vaginal gland
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| Bipolar forceps |
Forceps for gentle electrocoagulation of blood vessels (high-frequency electric current is used to seal blood vessels by heat to stop bleeding)
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| BPT |
Breast-preserving therapy in breast cance
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| Chemotherapy |
Medicinal treatment in cancer, used for example in breast, ovarian or uterine cancer
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| Chlamydia |
Microbes similar to bacteria common cause of genital infections in women
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| Cholinesterase |
Liver enzyme tells us about the functional capacity of the liver
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| CIN |
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia abnormal cell changes in the cervix
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| Condylomata acuminata- |
Fig warts (genital warts) caused by viruses.
Occur in the vagina and penis, sexually transmitted.
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| Conization |
Cone-shaped cutting around the cervix in the case of abnormal cell changes in the cervix
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| Contraindication |
A reason not to use an agent or procedure
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| Curettage |
Careful scraping of tissue from the lining of the uterus, e.g. to remove a miscarriage or to treat uterine bleeding
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| Disposable instrument |
Surgical instrument which is thrown away after single use
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| Distension medium |
Clear fluid or gas to fill a cavity (e.g. uterine cavity, abdominal cavity) to improve vision.
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| Dysmenorrhea |
Painful periods
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| Dysplasia |
Abnormal cell changes
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| ECG |
Electrocardiogram electrodes placed on the skin are used to measure the action current of the heart to evaluate cardiac output.
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| Ectocervix |
Outer surface of the cervix at the end of the vagina
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| Ectopia |
Endometrium on the surface of the cervix
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| Ectopic pregnancy |
Embedding of the fertilized egg outside the uterus. Nearly always requires surgical treatment.
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| Endometrial ablation |
Destruction of the endometrium using electrical current, laser, heat or cold to reduce excessively heavy periods
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| Endometrial polyp |
Benign endometrial growth
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| Endometriosis |
Endometrium which grows outside the uterus, e.g. on the outer surface of the uterus, on or in the fallopian tubes, in or on the ovaries. Endometriosis often causes painful periods.
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| Endometrium- |
Mucous membrane lining the uterus
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| Endoscope |
Rigid or flexible, thin viewing tube through which the inside of the body can be inspected either directly or using a video camera.
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| Endoscopy |
Examination and surgery in cavities (e.g. abdominal cavity, uterine cavity) or hollow organs (e.g. bladder, bowel) using a small viewing instrument which is introduced via an opening (e.g. cervix, urethra) or a 5 - 10 mm long incision at the navel (belly button).
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| Fallopian pregnancy |
Embedding of the fertilized egg in a fallopian tube instead of in the uterus. Nearly always requires surgical treatment.
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| Fertility surgery |
Surgery on the uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries to restore fertility.
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| Fig warts |
Condylomata acuminata. Genital warts caused by viruses.
Occur in the vagina and penis, sexually transmitted.
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| Fluid overload |
Syndrome in which a large volume (more than 1000 ml) of nonelectrolytic fluid enters the circulation. Fluid shifting occurs in the body which, depending on the amount of fluid, may cause symptoms ranging from mild headaches up to life-threatening cardiovascular changes.
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| Forensic |
Relating to a court of law
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| Herceptin® |
For antibody therapy of patients with breast cance
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| High-speed punch biopsy- |
For rapid, outpatient diagnosis of abnormal findings in the breast, small samples can be taken from the breast using a 1.4 mm long needle under local anaesthetic and ultrasound vision.
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| Histology |
Microscopic examination of samples taken during an operation.
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| Hormone therapy |
Medicines are used to block hormones in breast cancer patients to prevent the recurrence or progression of breast cancer.
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| HPV infection |
Human papilloma virus infection infection in the genital region. Common cause of simple warts. 80% of infections are harmless. A small number of infections can cause abnormal cell changes (dysplasia) in the cervix and vagina if not treated.
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| Hymen |
Fold of membrane which surrounds the vaginal opening. Usually stretched or torn the first time sexual intercourse takes place.
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| Hypermenorrhea |
Heavy periods
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| Hysterectomy |
Removal of the uterus
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| Hysteroscopy |
Examination of the uterine cavity using a small viewing instrument which is inserted into the uterine cavity via the cervix. Enables surgery on myomas or polyps in the uterine cavity.
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| ICSI |
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Artificial insemination where the sperm is injected directly into a mature egg.
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| Immunotherapy |
Therapy to strengthen the bodys own immune system
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| Incontinence surgery |
Surgery to treat unintentional loss of urine.
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| Infertility problems |
Problems which result in a pregnancy not being carried to full term or in miscarriage (Myoma, deformities of the uterus etc.).
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| IUD |
Intrauterine device coil in the uterus used for contraception
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| IUP |
Intrauterine pessary coil in the uterus used for contraception
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| IVF |
In vitro fertilization. Artificial insemination where the sperm is mixed with the egg in a nutrient fluid.
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| Labial cysts |
Cysts in or on the labia (external genital folds in the female)
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| Laparoscope |
Rigid viewing instrument with a 3-10 mm diameter used to perform laparoscopy to examine the abdominal cavity.
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| Laparoscopy |
Examination of the abdominal cavity using a special rigid instrument (laparoscope) to assess abdominal and pelvic organs.
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| Laparotomy |
Operation on the stomach with an incision through the abdominal wall (either a transverse incision just above the pubic hair border or a longitudinal incision between the navel -belly button- and the pubic hair border).
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| Laser vaporization |
Vaporization of cells by laser
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| LASH |
Laparoscopically assisted supracervical hysterectomy removal of the uterus using laparoscopy. Only the body of the uterus is removed. The cervix, vaginal end and pelvic floor stability are preserved in this operation.
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| LAVH |
Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy removal of the complete uterus including the cervix. The first part of the operation is performed by laparoscopy, the second part via the vaginal route.
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| Lipoma |
Benign tumour of fatty tissue.
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| Mamilla |
Nipple and areola (dark ring around the nipple)
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| Mammaptosis |
Weak connective tissues cause the breasts to hang. An operation can restore the breast to its former shape.
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| Mastectomy |
Surgical removal of all of the breast in the case of breast cancer
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| Menolysis |
Destruction of the endometrium using electrical current, laser, heat or cold to reduce excessively heavy periods
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| Menorrhagia |
Prolonged periods for more than 7 days
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| Metrorrhagia |
Bleeding additional to periods
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| Minimally invasive surgery |
Aims to be as gentle as possible to tissues. No abdominal incision, no injury to abdominal wall, small instruments. Visualization of operating area by magnification and thus better vision.
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| Mirena |
Hormone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive
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| Missed abortion |
Retained (not expelled) miscarriage
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| Myoma |
Benign tumour in the uterus made up of muscular elements
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| Myoma operation |
Removal of myomas from the uterus, using either laparoscopy or hysteroscopy. Also removed via an abdominal incision if other routes arent possible.
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| Myomatosis |
Uterine disease caused by myomas in the uterus.
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| Nipple reconstruction |
Reconstruction of the nipple using the patients own tissue
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| Nonelectrolytic fluid |
Fluid not containing electrolytes (sodium, potassium etc.). This means that the fluid cannot conduct electricity. This is required in several operations in the uterine cavity or bladder.
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| NovaSure® system |
Method of endometrial ablation. A disposable instrument is inserted into the uterine cavity and the endometrium is attached to small electrodes by a vacuum. The endometrium is then destroyed by current (heat).
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| Oncology |
The treatment of cancer patients
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| Outpatient |
Operation on, or treatment of, patients without admitting them to hospital
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| Ovarian tumour |
Enlarged ovary
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| PAP |
Cervical smear to detect abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. Graded PAP I to V according to the type of change. PAP = Papanicolau, the inventor of this method.
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| Paraurethral cysts |
Small cysts directly beside the urethral opening
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| PCO syndrome |
Polycystic ovary syndrome, many cysts under a thickened capsule in the ovary
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| Pleura |
Dividing membrane between the lung and chest
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| Polycystic ovaries |
Double-sided enlargement of the ovaries caused by cysts the size of cherry stones to walnuts. Often associated with amenorrrhoea (absence of periods) and unwanted childlessness. Medicinal and surgical treatment is possible.
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| Polymenorrhea |
Periods at intervals of less than 20 days
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| Polyp |
Benign mucous membrane growth in the uterus
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| Postoperative |
After the operation
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| Preliminary GnRH treatment |
The patients own hormone production is suppressed by a medicinal block. The patient sort of enters the menopause and the endometrium is thinned. Endometrial ablation can then be performed after approx. 28 days and the patients own hormone production starts again.
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| Psycho-oncological care |
Psychological care of cancer patients by specially trained psychologists
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| PTT |
Blood value used to determine the clotting ability of the blood
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| Radical hysterectomy |
Complete removal of the uterus, either via the vaginal route, by abdominal incision or laparoscopy.
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| Radiotherapy |
Treatment by X-rays or other sources of radioactivity
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| Refractory bleeding disorders |
Bleeding disorders not responding to medicinal treatment.
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| Resectoscope |
Special type of telescope with wire loop that uses electrical energy to remove tissue (myomas, polyps etc.) from the uterus.
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| Retroperitoneal surgery |
Operations between the abdominal cavity and the spine, e.g. surgical visualization of the ureter.
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| Septal detachment |
Surgical detachment of an inborn dividing wall of the uterus or vagina.
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| Septum |
Inborn dividing wall, e.g. in the uterus or vagina
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| Sling procedure |
Surgical procedure in the case of involuntary loss of urine
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| Spontaneous abortion |
Miscarriage
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| Sterility |
Infertility
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| Sterility diagnosis |
Clarification of unwanted childlessness by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy with visualization of the fallopian tubes.
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| Sterilization |
The fallopian tube is sealed by electrocoagulation in a laparoscopic procedure. Definitive method of contraception.
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| Submucosal myomas |
Myomas directly under the endometrium inside the uterus.
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| Subserous myomas |
Myomas on the outer surface of the uterus.
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| Supracervical hysterectomy |
Laparoscopically assisted supracervical hysterectomy removal of the uterus using laparoscopy. Only the body of the uterus is removed. The cervix, vaginal end and pelvic floor stability are preserved in this operation.
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| TIVA |
Total intravenous anaesthesia anaesthetic gases are not used
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| Tubectomy |
Removal of a fallopian tube
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| Tubo-ovarian abscess |
Accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube / ovary
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| TVT |
Tension-free vaginal tape tension-free insertion of tape to shape a new urethral abutment to stop involuntary loss of urine.
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| Uterus myomatosus |
Enlarged uterus due to myomas
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| Uterus- |
Womb
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| Vaginal septa |
Inborn dividing walls in the vagina
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| Vegetative disorders |
Disorders of the autonomic nervous system, e.g. breathing, digestion, metabolism, water balance, muscular tension etc.
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| VIN |
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia abnormal cell changes in the vagina
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| Vulva atheroma |
Fatty deposits in the genital region
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